1. A classroomoftwenty-fiveindividualsareaskedaloudandinturnwhattheirpoliticalparty affiliation is; 16 answer Democrat and 9 answer Republican. There is a concern that lack ofanonymity could haveimpacted the accuracy of the responses. To test the hypothesis that theresponses were provided independently ofone another, we count the number of times thatadjacentresponses differ.Intheobservedsequence ofresponses

(D,D,D,D,R,R,R,R,R,D,D,D,D,D,R,D,D,D,R,R,R,D,D,D,D)

this number is 6. By randomly shufflingthese 25 observations, we get a distribution for the number of "switches" under the null hypothesis that the ordering of the responses was random,whichhasthefollowingquantiles:

0.5%	1%2.5%	5%	10%	50%	60%	95%97.5%	99%99.5%
6	6 7	8	9	12	12	15 16	17 17

1. Isthep-valueoftheobserveddataunderthehypothesisofindependentresponses aboveorbelow5%?Explain why.
2. Doyourejectthenullhypothesisofindependentresponsesatthe1%level?
3. If friends tend to share political affiliation and friends also tend to sit together, would the above test be able to answer the question of whether or not honest responses wereelicited?