$($a$)$ Colchester castle houses a collection of Roman, Saxon, and medieval artifacts, many of

which are fragile and easily damaged by changes in environmental conditions. To

monitor light intensity, air temperature, and humidity levels in the castle, the castle

management team purchased a set of IoT $($Internet of Things$)$ devices equipped with

sensors$.$ Specifically, the IoT devices have light intensity sensors$,$ which have a scale of

$0-800$ lux in steps of $0\mathrm{.}5$ lux, air temperature sensors which measure temperature in the

range $-55C,+55C$ with a precision of $0\mathrm{.}25C,$ and humidity sensors that detect relative

humidity in the range $0-95\%$ with a precision of $0\mathrm{.}5\%.$ Before transmitting the sensed

values, each IoT device must encapsulate the measurements in a packet of one or two $8-$

bit bytes. What would be the size of each sensed packet for transmitting:

$($i$)$ the air temperature measurements

$($ii$)$ the light intensity

$($iii$)$ the relative humidity measurements

Justify your answers.

$($b$)$ Consider that the atmospheric temperature value sensed by the installed air temperature

sensor described in Question B$3($a$)$ is $12\mathrm{.}4C.$ What would the transmitted packet with

the sensed temperature value? If this value is encoded with a Hamming code to protect it

from possible bit errors, what would be the resulting codeword? Encode the codeword in

groups

of

four

bits.

$8\%$

$($c$)$ If the weather balloon in Question $23($a$)$ measures $-22\mathrm{.}9C,151\mathrm{.}13$ lux, and $68\mathrm{.}6\%$ for

the air temperature, the light intensity and the relative humidity, respectively, what would

be the error introduced by quantizing the above measurements due to the

precision?

$($d$)$ Consider that a successive approximation D$/$A converter is used for the conversion of

analogue values into digital. What would be the binary representation of the voltage

value $3\mathrm{.}725V?$ Show all the steps of the conversion. The reference voltage value is

$5V.$