A company is considering the purchase of new equipment for $480,000. The projected after-tax net income is $80,000 per year, after deducting $160,000 of annual depreciation expense. The equipment has a useful life of 3 years and no salvage value. Management of the company requires a 12% return on investments. The present values of an annuity of $1 for various periods follows: What is the net present value (NPV) of this equipment assuming cash flows occur at year-end? Select one or more: a. $576,432. b. $(95,712). c. $(287,856). d. $716,352. e. $96,432