a.

Consider a series of end-of-period CFs spanning 2044-2059, which increase by a fixed amount each period. The amount of the first CF in the series is $131 and the increment is $58. The interest rate is 3.1%. What is the equivalent value of this series at the beginning of 2044? (answer: $6,588.35)

b.

Consider a series of end-of-period CFs spanning 2042-2057, which decrease at a 1% rate each period. The amount of the first CF in the series is $143. The interest rate is 3.3%. What is the equivalent value of this series at the beginning of 2042? (answer: $1,641.26)

Please show how to get each answer as i have to do multiple of each of these type of questions please dont use excel as we cant use that on the test thank you