a$)$ Consider the following simple analogy used to describe how the Internet works: "Imagine a

complex highway system on which millions of cars are always moving. There are groups of cars that

belong to the same travel party heading to the same place. Before getting into the highway, each

individual driver consults a map and marks an itinerary from origin to final destination. Each driver

is doing this independently. Therefore, it is possible that different cars belonging to the same travel

party may follow different itineraries. Eventually, however, a car arrives at its destination. It waits for

other members of the same travel party to arrive, and then they all do something useful together."

Compared with the way the Internet actually works, the above analogy contains an important

inaccuracy. Can you clearly explain what it is$?(15$ marks$)$

b$)$ Indicate True or False for each of the statements below:

i$.$ Switches in a circuit$-$switched network process connection establishment and tear$-$down messages,

whereas switches in a packet$-$switched network do not. True or False? $(2$ marks$)$

ii$.$ Under some circumstances, a circuit$-$switched network may prevent some senders from starting

new conversations. True or False? $(2$ marks$)$

iii. Once a connection is correctly established, a switch in a circuit$-$switched network can forward data

correctly without requiring data frames to include a destination address. True or False? $(2$ marks$)$

iv$.$ Unlike in packet switching, switches in circuit$-$switched networks do not need any information

about the network topology to function correctly. True or False? $(2$ marks$)$

v$.$ Unlike, streaming stored audio and video, the requirements for packet delay and jitter are not as

stringent as those for real$-$time applications. True or False? $(2$ marks$)$