$($a$)$ Describe the process for finding $x$ and indicate its value.

$($b$)$ Describe the process for finding $A1$ and indicate its value.

$($c$)$ Describe the process for finding $Y$ and indicate its value.

$($d$)$ Is the above system L one$-$to$-$one? Briefly explain.

$($e$)$ Is the above system $L$ onto? Briefly explain.