A fourth-grade teacher tells all of her students they must participate in a study designed to assess the relationship between pain and memory. Students are told that if they do not want to be in the study, they will lose one grade on their next exam. The teacher then assigns students to one of three groups: high pain, medium pain, and low pain. Also, half of the children are tested at the beginning of the school day, while others are tested at the end of the day. Each child then reads a list of 100 foreign words and is asked to remember as many of the words as they can. Whenever a child makes a correct response, the researcher says, "Correct." Whenever a child makes an incorrect response, they receive the following: a high-pain condition, where they must hold a 150-degree iron rod for five seconds; a medium-pain condition, where they must hold a 120-degree iron rod for two-and-a-half seconds; or a no-pain condition, where they must hold a 70-degree iron rod for one second. During the task, students are reminded that their parents will be told of their results. Results indicate that the no-pain group correctly remembered the most words.