A hospital notices an increase in medication errors. A study reports a statistically significant association between having patient handoffs during shift changes and medication errors. Based on these results you would expect to find what information in the research article about this study?

A clinical recommendation to ban patient handoffs during shift changes.

A p-value associated with the chi-square analysis that is less than alpha.

A report of a type II error.

A chi-square value close to 1.