$($a$)$ Humans have a limited visual band of the electromagnetic spectrum of light. Explain

the categories of digital images according to their sources in the electromagnetic

spectrum. In what kinds of applications are these images utilized?

$($b$)$ Give the names of two types of light receptors on the retina. How are they distributed on the retina and what are their main functions?

$($c$)$ What is the difference between $$image manipulation$$ and $$image analysis$?$ Explain at least $2$ image processing problems for each category.

$($d$)$ What is the difference between $$optical zooming$$ and $$digital zooming$?$

$($e$)$ Explain the differences of $$low$-$level$,$mid$-$level$$ and $$high$-$level$$ processes in digital image processing. Give at least $2$ image processing problems for each category.

$($f$)$ What is image sampling? What is quantization? Why do we need image sampling

and quantization?

$($g$)$ Assume that a given analog signal is limited to a maximum frequency fmax $=$

$4000$ Hz$.$ We want to sample this signal and obtain a digital signal. What should

be the minimum sampling frequency fs so that we can recover the original signal

from its samples?

$($h$)$ Explain how RGB colors are produced in computers?

$($i$)$ Assume that one pixel is represented with $12-$bits $($instead of $8-$bits$).$ How many

different gray levels can be produced? How many different colors can be produced

in RGB$?$ What is the maximum gray$-$level value?

$($j$)$ What is the bit$-$plane slicing method? What is it used for? $($assume $8-$bit images.$)$

If you want to hide something in an image, which bit$-$plane would you choose?

$($k$)$ What is the gray$-$level slicing method? What is it used for? $($assume $8-$bit images.$)$

$($l$)$ What is the difference between spatial resolution and intensity resolution?

Which one is related to the $$bit$-$depth$$ of an image?

Which one is related to the $$contrast$$ of an image?

$($m$)$ Explain histogram matching. Give an example use case of histogram matching.

$($n$)$ Explain how image filtering works in the spatial domain and in the frequency domain. Give at least $2$ examples of situations when one or the other could be a better

choice.

$($o$)$ Explain the difference between $$convolution$$ and $$correlation