A Logic gate is an elementary building block of any digital circuits. It takes one or two inputs and produces output based on those inputs. Outputs may be high (1) or low (0). Logic gates are implemented using diodes or transistors. It can also be constructed using vacuum tubes, electromagnetic elements like optics, molecules, etc. In a computer, most of the electronic circuits are made up of logic gates. Logic gates are used to create a circuit that performs calculations, data storage or shows off object-oriented programming especially the power of inheritance.

There are seven basic logic gates defined, these are AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, NAND gate, NOR gate, XOR gate, and XNOR gate.

1. AND Gate

The AND gate gives an output of 1 if both the two inputs are 1, it gives 0 otherwise.

def AND (a, b):

if a == 1 and b == 1:

return True

else:

return False

Output:

1 2 Result 0 0 | 0 0 1 | 0 1 0 | 0 1 1 | 1

2. NAND Gate

The NAND gate (negated AND) gives an output of 0 if both inputs are 1, it gives 1 otherwise.

def NAND (a, b): 

if a == 1 and b == 1:

return False

else:

return True

Output:

1 2 Result 0 0 | 1 0 1 | 1 1 0 | 1 1 1 | 0

3. OR Gate

The OR gate gives an output of 1 if either of the two inputs are 1, it gives 0 otherwise.

def OR (a, b):

if a == 1:

return True

elif b == 1:

return True

else:

return False

Output:

1 2 Result

0 0 | 0

0 1 | 1

1 0 | 1

1 1 | 1

4. XOR Gate

The XOR gate gives an output of 1 if either both inputs are different, it gives 0 if they are same.

def XOR (a, b):

if a != b:

return 1

else:

return 0

Output:

1 2 Result 0 0 | 0 0 1 | 1 1 0 | 1 1 1 | 0

5. NOT Gate

It acts as an inverter. It takes only one input. If the input is given as 1, it will invert the result as 0 and vice-versa.

def NOT(a):

if(a == 0):

return 1

elif(a == 1):

return 0

Output:

1 Result 0 | 1 1 | 0

6. NOR Gate

The NOR gate (negated OR) gives an output of 1 if both inputs are 0, it gives 1 otherwise.

def NOR(a, b):

if(a == 0) and (b == 0):

return 1

elif(a == 0) and (b == 1):

return 0

elif(a == 1) and (b == 0):

return 0

elif(a == 1) and (b == 1):

return 0

Output:

1 2 Result 0 0 | 1 0 1 | 0 1 0 | 0 1 1 | 0

7. XNOR Gate

The XNOR gate (negated XOR) gives an output of 1 both inputs are same and 0 if both are different.

def XNOR(a,b):

if(a == b):

return 1

else:

return 0

Output:

1 2 Result 0 0 | 1 0 1 | 0 1 0 | 0 1 1 | 1

the code is

from itertools import product

def print_truth_table(op, n=2): prod = product([0, 1], repeat=n)

print(f'{op.__name__} Truth Table') print(*range(1, n+1),'Result') print('-------') for p in prod: print(*p, '|', int(op(*p))) print('------- ')

# 1 def AND (a, b): return 0

# 2 def NAND (a, b): return 0

# 3 def OR (a, b): return 0

# 4 def XOR (a, b): return 0 # 5 def NOT(a): return 0

# 6 def NOR(a, b): return 0

# 7 def XNOR(a,b): return 0

print(1, end='. ') print_truth_table(AND) print(2, end='. ') print_truth_table(NAND) print(3, end='. ') print_truth_table(OR) print(4, end='. ') print_truth_table(XOR) print(5, end='. ') print_truth_table(NOT, 1) print(6, end='. ') print_truth_table(NOR) print(7, end='. ') print_truth_table(XNOR)