A master of accountancy degree at Central University costs $12,000 for an additional fifth year of education beyond the bachelor's degree. Assume that all tuition is paid at the beginning of the year. A student considering this investment must evaluate the present value of cash flows from possessing a graduate degree versus holding only the undergraduate degree. Assume that the average student with an undergraduate degree is expected to earn a salary of $50,000 per year (assumed to be paid at the end of the year) for 10 years. Assume that the average student with a master of accountancy degree is expected to earn a salary of $66,000 per year (assumed to be paid at the end of the year) for nine years after graduation. Assume a minimum rate of return of 10%. Round to the nearest dollar.

1. Determine the net present value of cash flows from an undergraduate degree. Use the present value of an annuity table.
2. Determine the net present value of cash flows from a master of accountancy degree, assuming that no salary is earned during the graduate year of schooling.
3. What is the net advantage or disadvantage of pursuing a graduate degree under these assumptions?