A memory management system uses TLB (Translation lookaside buffer) to enhance memory access time. If time to access a TLB is x nanoseconds and time to access main memory is y nanoseconds (y >>x), determine effective memory access time when TLB hit ratio is p ( 0 < p <1)? Also, determine the effective memory access time when x = 1 nanosec, y=20 nanosec, and p = 0.7.