A message of $1$ Mbits is to be transmitted over a $1$ Mbps

communication line that has a bit error rate of BER$=10-6..$ The

probability that the entire file is transmitted without errors is

approximately:

$($a$)1/3($b$)$ e $($c$)2/3($d$)2/$e

$($a$)($b$)($c$)($d$)$

The message is broken up into $10$ equal$-$sized packets that are

transmitted separately. What is the probability that a packet arrives

correctly?

$($a$)0\mathrm{.}09($b$)0\mathrm{.}90($c$)1($d$)0\mathrm{.}10$

$($a$)($b$)($c$)($d$)$

Suppose now that we wish to transmit the message over two hops

and that each hop employs error checking and retransmits.

How many bits need to be transmitted using circuit switching?

$($a$)2$ Mbits $($b$)1$ Mbits $($c$)6$ Mbits $($d$)$ neither a nor b nor c

$($a$)($b$)($c$)($d$)$

How many bits need to be transmitted using packet switching of $105$

bit packets with a negligible header?

$($a$)1\mathrm{.}1$ Mbits $($b$)2\mathrm{.}2$ Mbits $($c$)1$ Mbits $($d$)$ neither a nor b nor c