A MNC corporation that does not have foreign subsidiaries, is not exposed to ____.

a. transaction exposure

b. economic exposure

c. translation exposure

d. All the above

30. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. Translation exposure represents the exchange rate risk when converting net foreign cash inflows to U.S. dollars.

b. Economic exposure represents any impact of exchange rate fluctuations on a firm's future cash flows.

c. Firms can focus on hedging their foreign currency payables and/or receivables to hedge transaction exposure.

d. Managing economic exposure is more of a long-term solution rather than a short-term solution.