A new organization's founding leaders shape and drive its culture initially, however when the relationship between leadership and organisational culture is examined in the context of an established organisation, scholarly viewpoints range.Some believe an organization's culture impacts leadership styles and effectiveness. Other, a culture can be sustained and promoted through formal leadership.

Some concur that leadership affects culture, but caution that changing culture requires a deliberate approach, and only after a comprehensive analysis of the current culture has revealed the actual and entire 'operational framework' within which the change is to be executed.However, leadership and organisational culture are inextricably intertwined and directly affect each other in that leadership and organisational culture are intrinsically linked throughout an organization's lifespan, directly affecting one another.

Question: What are the characteristics of an exemplary modern day leader? Recent examples. Please cite at least 2 academic references