A nurse is caring for a client who is 6 hr postoperative following abdominal surgery and is having difficulty voiding. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• Insert an indwelling urinary catheter and connect it to gravity drainage.
• Encourage fluid intake up to 1,000 mL daily.
• Provide the client a bedpan while lying supine.
• Allow the client to hear running water while attempting to void.