A phoneme is pronounced the same way in every word in which it appears True: This is why allophones of a phoneme can be recognized when they appear in complementary distribution False: A phoneme is pronounced the same in every linguistic environment it appears in False: A phoneme is pronounced differently depending on its linguistic environment True: This is because sounds are not impacted by the pronunciation of the sounds around them Nativist arguments would find support from genetic disorders that evidence A tight connection between language and other cognitive abilities Patients whose language ability is worse than what we could expect for their mental age Patients whose language ability is what we would expect for their mental age A double-dissociation between language an other cognitive abilities Suppose you have the following sample words from Peng: guinlo guinli gweenli gweenzep guinza zepna zipna zepno nazip guinla What is the transitional probability of "guin-za" based on these words? 1 1/4 1/10 1/2 At what age do children usually produce their first words? 24 months 18 months 6 months 12 months Electroencephalography measures Electrophysiological responses to stimuli The hemodynamic response to neuronal activity Neural mechanisms through the scalp The thought patterns of experimental participants If two sounds belong to two different perceptual categories, are they easy or hard to distinguish from one another? What about if they belong to the same perceptual category? If the sounds belong to two different perceptual categories, they are also hard to tell apart. If two sounds belong to the same perceptual category, they are hard to distinguish from one another. If the sounds belong to two different perceptual categories, they are easier to tell apart. If two sounds belong to the same perceptual category, they are hard to distinguish from one another. If the sounds belong to two different perceptual categories, they are harder to tell apart. If two sounds belong to the same perceptual category, they are easy to distinguish from one another. If two sounds belong to the same perceptual category, they are easy to distinguish from one another. If the sounds belong to two different perceptual categories, they are also easy to tell apart. If two sounds belong to the same perceptual category, they are easy to distinguish from one another. Suppose you are interested in exactly when brain activity occurs when processing a certain linguistic structure. Which of the functional neuroimaging methods would be most appropriate? What about if you care more about where brain activity occurs? Do infants distinguish more or fewer sounds than adults? How do we know? Why does it help to have knowledge of a language's phonotactic constraints when listening to a stream of fluent speech? (Hint: Are there often pauses between words?) Describe the head-turn preference paradigm.