1. A political candidate wishes to determine if endorsing increased social spending is likely to affect her standing in the polls. She has access to data on the popularity of several other candidates who have endorsed increased spending. The data was available both before and after the candidates announced their positions on the issue. The data are as follows:

Popularity Ratings

CandidateBeforeAfter

1 42 43

2 41 45

3 50 56

4 52 54

5 58 65

6 32 29

7 39 46

8 42 48

9 48 47

10 47 53

Assuming no other factors were influencing the popularity ratings

a. State the null hypothesis.

b.State the nondirectional alternative hypothesis.

c.What is the value oft obtained?

d.What is the value of t critical = 0.05_{2 tail}?

e.What might the candidate conclude?

g.What type error might the candidate have made?

h.Calculate cohen's d; use SD for popularity before.