1. A population has an equal proportion of males and females. That is, when randomly selecting one individual, the probability that the individual is male (M) is 1/2 and the probability that the individual is female (F) is 1/2. Each of the outcomes M and F have a probability 1/2 of occurring. Note that S = {Male, Female}.
3. In the first 50 randomly selected individuals, 20 were male. In the next 50 randomly selected individuals, which of the following must happen?
4. More than half of the individuals will be males to balance out the small number of males in the first 50 individuals. However, the order in which these males will be selected is unpredictable.
5. More than 20 of the individuals will be males because the proportion of males after 100 individuals must be closer to 1/2 than the proportion after 50 individuals.
6. The number of males will be very close to 30 in the next 50 individuals because the proportion must be close to 1/2 after 100 individuals.
7. The number of males could be any value from 0 to 30 in the next 50 individuals because each individual is independent of the others.