A propertycasualty insurer brings in $6.17million in premiums on its homeowners MP line of insurance. The lines losses amount to $4,238,790, expenses are $1,523,990, and dividends are $104,890. The insurer earns $166,590 in the investment of its premiums. Calculate the lines loss ratio, expense ratio, dividend ratio, combined ratio (after dividends), investment ratio, operating ratio, and overall profitability.

a. Loss ratio

b. Expense ratio

c. Dividend ratio

d. Combined ratio

e. Investment ratio

f. Operating ratio

g. Overall profitability