A protocol defines which of the following?

Format of a message.

Order of messages sent and received.

Actions taken on transmission and/or receipt of a message.

All of the above are true.

Which of the following is unguided physical media?

Coaxial Cable

Fiber-optic Cable

Radio Waves

Twisted-pair Copper

Two fundamental approaches to moving data through a network of links and switches are circuit switching and __________ switching.

data

information

packet

signal

The traditional telephone network is an example of a circuit-switched network.

True

False

Consider a router with a full finite buffer and a packet arrival rate that exceeds the output link capacity of the router. When a new packet arrives, the router will __________ .

ask that the incoming packet be resent.

drop the incoming packet.

replace the packet at the front of the queue with the incoming packet.

save the packet for later.

The Internet can be described as a "network of networks".

True

False

The internet protocol stack described in the text has __________ layers.

8

6

7

5

__________ is a general term for "stuff" that can infect computational devices.

Garbage

Malware

Trash

Waste