A push strategy is when a manufacturer

Multiple Choice

directs the promotional mix to channel members to gain their cooperation in ordering and stocking the product.

directs its efforts in the form of advertising and sales promotions to ultimate consumers to encourage them to ask the retailer for the product

advertises a great deal to its wholesalers, retailers, and ultimate consumers with the use of nationwide advertising campaigns

forces a retaller to promote its products by placing national ads in local newspapers