A random sample of19observations taken from a population that is normally distributed produced a sample mean of42.4and a standard deviation of8. Find the range for thep-value and the critical and observed values oftfor each of the following tests of hypotheses using,=0.01.

Use thetdistribution table to find a range for thep-value.

Round your answers for the values oftto three decimal places.

a.H0:=46

versusH1:<46.

____<p-value < _____

tcritical=

tobserved=

b.H0:=46

versusH1:46.

_____<p-value < _____

tcritical left=

tcritical right=

tobserved=