A recent study published in theAmericanJournalofEpidemiologybyMasters,etal.soughttoexaminechangesinmeanlifeexpectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. compared to other countries by race andethnicity.UsingdatafromtheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics NationalVitalStatisticsSystem they found the overall average life expectancy for the United States population declinedfrom 78.85years in 2019to76.44 years in2021. Life expectancy estimatesfromprior yearsindicate the average life expectancy is typically higher among non-Hispanic Asians in the U.S.

Let's assume 52 non-Hispanic Asian individuals living in the U.S. were randomly selected andresearchersfoundthat their meanlifeexpectancywas 84.18 years. Assuming apopulationstandard deviation of 8.2 years and significance level of 0.01, test the claim that the average life expectancy in 2021 was higher among non-Hispanic Asian individuals in the U.S.

Whatconclusionshouldyou make?

1. Fail to reject the null hypothesis due to insufficient evidence and conclude the average life expectancy in 2021 was not greater than 76.44 years among non-Hispanic Asians intheU.S.
2. Reject the null hypothesis due to insufficient evidence and conclude this the average life expectancy in 2021 wasgreater than 76.44 years among non-Hispanic Asians in the U.S.
3. Acceptthenullhypothesisduetoinsufficientevidenceandconcludetheaveragelifeexpectancyin 2021wasgreaterthan76.44 yearsamongnon-HispanicAsians intheU.S.
4. Rejectthenullhypothesisduetosufficientevidenceandconcludetheaveragelifeexpectancyin 2021wasgreaterthan76.44 yearsamongnon-HispanicAsians intheU.S.
5. Fail to reject the null hypothesis due to sufficient evidence and conclude the average life expectancy in 2021 was less than than 76.44 years among non-Hispanic Asians in theU.S.