A researcher investigated whether a father's level of optimism was predictive of his son's optimism as a young adult. Twenty fathers and sons who agreed to par- ticipate in the study were each administered a scale measuring their current level of optimism (the scale ranged from 10 to 50, with higher scores indicating greater optimism). The data are provided in Figure 13.9. Father Son Enter the data in SPSS and perform the appropriate analyses to answer the questions below. Name the variables father and son, respectively. a. State the null and alternative hypotheses. State a research question for the data. c. Is the predictor significant? Test using = 05. d What is the effect size? Would you characterize the effect size as small medium, or large? Write a regression equation for the data. f. Write the results of the study using APA format as appropriate. 43 48 Figure 13.9 The optimism scores of 20 fathers and