A researcher wanted to know if there was a difference in customer serviceknowledge before employees completed a Positive Customer Service Enhancement training seminar, and after the seminar.The researcher had each employee complete the Customer Service Knowledge Scale Survey before attending the two week seminar, and then two weeks after completing the seminar.

Which test should the researcher use to see if there was a difference, and what were the results?

Beforeseminar scoresAfter seminarscores707865696778696959697877496568737374727759777477

The researcher selectedan independentsamples t-test, and determined there was a difference in customer service knowledge before (M = 66.92) and after (M =73.58) completing the seminar, (t [22] = 2.52, p < .05).

The researcher selected a paired samples t-test, and determined there was not a difference in customer service knowledge before (M = 66.92) and after (M =73.58) completing the seminar, (t [11] = 3.79, p> .05).

The researcher selected a paired samples t-test, and determined there was a difference in customer service knowledge before (M = 66.92) and after (M =73.58) completing the seminar, (t [11] = 3.79, p < .01).

The researcher selected a Spearman's rs and determined there was a relationship between survey responses, (r_s[13] = .65, p < .05).