A researcher was interested in how many males and females were accepted into a university's graduate program. The results of the research show the following:

Which of the following explains how this is an example of Simpson's paradox?

• a.)
• Overall acceptance rates are lower for the Engineering graduate program than the Psychology graduate program.
• b.)
• Acceptance rates were higher for the Psychology graduate program for both men and women, but overall acceptance rates are higher for the Engineering graduate program.
• c.)
• Acceptance rates were higher overall for males but lower than females for the Engineering graduate program.
• d.)
• Acceptance rates were higher for the Psychology graduate program overall, but lower for females.