A strategic disadvantage of vertical integration is

1. to boost a firm's capital investment in the industry, thus increasing business risk if the industry becomes unattractive later.
2. to impair a company's operating flexibility when it comes to changing out the use of certain parts and components.
3. to impair a company's flexibility in accommodating shifting buyer preferences.
4. to require radically different skills and business capabilities than the firm possesses.
5. to speed up the company's adoption of technological advances.