A study concluded that the Relative Risk of lung cancer for people who smoke compared to people who do not smoke is 1.7 with a 95% CI of (1.2, 2.0). Which of the following statements is incorrect, based on this data alone?

a.

People who smoke are 1.7 times more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke.

b.

Smoking causes lung cancer since RR is large and statistically significant

c.

People who smoke are at a higher risk of lung cancer compared to those who do not smoke.

d.

There is a significant association between lung cancer and smoking status

e.

The probability of lung cancer is lower for those who do not smoke.