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A study on the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on neonatal serum calcium was conducted.164 breast feeding mums took part and 82 were randomly

A study on the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on neonatal serum calcium was conducted.164 breast feeding mums took part and 82 were randomly allocated to the supplement group and the remaining 82 were allocated to a placebo.164 bottle feeding mums took part and 82 were randomly allocated to the supplement group and the remaining 82 were allocated to a placebo.Serum calcium concentrations (mmol/l) in one-week babies was recorded.

Describe the structure of the study (independent variables, dependent variable) and detail why the researchers would have used random allocation.

Read the paper "Management guidelines for women with normal colscopy after low grade cervical abnormalities: population study", by Teale et al (2000), BMJ, vol 320, pp 1693-1696. http://www.bmj.com/content/320/7251/1693.short

The authors describe the study as a "population outcome study".Give a brief contextual explanation of the differences between following pairs of terms:

Observational study, experimental study

Prospective sample, retrospective sample

Longitudinal study, cross-sectional study

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