A study was to be undertaken to determine if a particular training program would improve physical fitness. An SRS of 31 university students was selected to be enrolled in the fitness program.One important measure of fitness is maximum oxygen uptake.Measurements of oxygen uptake in untrained individuals are known to follow a Normal distribution with a mean of

= 45 mL/kg/min.The researchers wished to determine if there was evidence that their sample of students differed from the general population of untrained subjects.The measurements made on the subjects coming into this study produced a mean ofx

= 47.4 with a standard deviation ofs= 5.3.

a, What is the appropriate alternative hypothesis in this situation?

b, Based on these data, what is the 98% confidence interval estimate for the mean oxygen uptake for the population from which the sample of students was selected?

c, What is the range within whichthe p-value falls for this test?

d, If the 98% confidence interval for the population mean oxygen uptake after training wasdetermined to be (45.2, 49.6), what would the researchers conclude?

e, If the level of confidence for the confidence interval of the population mean oxygen uptake were changed from 98% to 95%, what would happen to the confidence interval and the p-value?