a) The liquid phase reaction of tert-butyl alcohol (A) and hydrochloric acid (B) carried out isothermally in a flow system to form tert-butyl chloride (C) and water (D). The reaction was carried out under an excess of tert-butyl alcohol (CH3)3COH + HCl (CH3)3CCI + H20 i) Rate of chemical reaction (r) in a closed isothermal constant pressure homogenous system is defined as the following equation: 1 dN V dt The determination of empirical rate expressions to understanding the relationships between the variables and the volume is required in the design of chemical reactors. State three (3) facts that can be outlined from the above defined equation. (5 marks) ii) Two rate law of equations based on the reaction of tert-butyl alcohol has been proposed as follows: 1) -PA= KCA 2) -TA = ACACB Write two (2) possible assumptions for each proposed rate equation above. (5 marks) CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1(1) ARRHENIUS LAW k = AeE/RT in = J kg E In IDEAL GAS CONSTANT dm.atm m.am R = 0.082 = 0,082 mol. K kmol. cal 1.987 mol-K = 8.314 mol. K ENERGY BALANCE - 1. - Fo ur -T.) Fox{akt: +40 (0 ") = 0 -FR ADIABTIC TEMPERATURE x[-AHpxCr)] + Tie + XACT: TE C + XC. EQUILIBRIUM CONVERSION XER = 2.C:(T-T.) -AHRXTB) + AC (T-T:) NUMERICAL METHODS Trapezoidal rule *FCx) dx = {1FX.) + f(x)] f() Simpson's one-third rule Lax = $1sx) + 45(X.) + F(X2) Simpson's three-eighths rule wax =als(x) + 35(x)+31(x)) +5%)] * r. dX = +3fX) (X:)] CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1(2) Five-point quadrature formula * F(x) dx = $rx.) + 4f(x) + 2F(X.) + 4f(X.) +F(X)] Integrals dx = In: dx (1-x) 1 1 1-X 1-X dx x Site == n1 ) dx 1 + =-In(1 + Ex) *(1 + ex) dx (1 + 2)2x (1-x) = 22(1 + 8) In(1 x) + e*x+ (1-x) Differentiation = deler(x) = cf'(x) a F()g(x)] = f(x)g'(x) + f(x)9(x) g(x)}'(x) f(x)g'(x) 19(x) al caras d f(x) dx 9(x)