a) The presence of a metallic orthopaedic implant results in stress shielding which is generally thought to be deleterious. The level of compressive stress in an implant containing bone, b is affected by the bone cross-sectional area fraction, ab and the stiffness of the bone and implant, Eb and Ei (i) Assuming that the bone and implant are loaded in uniaxial compression and the compression normal strain is the same in both the bone and implant, show that b=ab+EbEiai Where, ai+ab=1 Where, is the compressive stress averaged over the area of the bone and implant (ii) If the stiffness of the metallic implant is orders of magnitude larger than the stiffness of the bone and the area fractions of the bone and the implant are approximately equal, show that the result in part (a) reduces to b=aiEbEi How do changes in ai and Ei/Eb affect the compressive stress applied to bone? 6points (b) Comment on stress shielding and cell biomaterial interaction of trabecular tantalum metal reported in the following references listed below and what be your suggestions to minimize this problem? 6 points