A type of leadership style that endears the followers to the leader based on the personality of the leader, not on position or formal authority. Key behaviors of this leadership style include the ability to articulate an appealing vision; excellence in communication skills when articulating the vision; taking personal risks and sacrifices to obtain vision; communicating high expectations; expressing confidence in followers; role modeling; and empowering follower. This style, which can result in both positive and negative consequences, is named