a) Why does the FCFS queuing policy not guarantee fairness among packet flows traversing a router?

b) How does the Slow Start mechanism in TCP improve average connection throughput compared to AIMD?

c) Explain why the Fast Retransmit mechanism in TCP improves connection data rate and reduces overall congestion.

d) How does Additive Increase/Multiplicative Decrease react when congestion hits the connection ? How is congestion recognized the first place ?

e) Explain why Random Early Detection uses two thresholds to compute the drop probability.