a. Why is there a cost to retained earnings in investor-owned businesses? b. What are the three methods commonly used to estimate the cost of equity? c. Is the risk premium in the CAPM the same as the risk premium in the debt-cost-plus-risk-premium model? d. How would you estimate the cost of equity (fund capital) for a not-for-profit business? e. How would you estimate the cost of equity for a small investor- owned business?