A client has attended five group therapy sessions yet has not engaged verbally with others in the group. The PMHNP has identified the client as a "silent member." Which statement is true about silent members as related to group therapy?

1.     Silent members can progress as much as others in the group if they are able to process vicariously through other members in the group.

2.     Silent members are silent because they have attended group therapy before and most likely have lost trust in self-disclosure to others.

3.     Silent members have learned to observe the behaviors of others; this allows them to make effective contributions and promote growth within the group.

4.     Silent members usually will hinder the group while hindering their own growth within the group.