According to Hofstede (1983, 1984a, 1984b, 1991, 2001), uncertainty avoidance denotes the degree to which a society values assertiveness and material success over empathy and relationship concerns. According to Hofstede (1983, 1984a, 1984b, 1991, 2001), uncertainty avoidance denotes the degree to which a society values assertiveness and material success over empathy and relationship concerns. True False