According to ISA 500 Audit Evidence, the auditor should obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to be able to draw reasonable conclusions on which to base the audit opinion. ISA 500 provides guidance and explanations on the audit procedures for gathering and assessing audit evidence. Required: (a) Distinguish between tests of controls and substantive procedures/testing. (5 marks) (b) Identify and explain FIVE (5) assertions on account balances (Balance Sheet items). (10 marks) As you develop the audit programme for Alpine Ltd, you identify the financial controllers review of the bank reconciliation as another control to test. In connection with this test, you: (i) Interview the financial controller to understand the specific data reviewed on the reconciliation. (ii) Checks the arithmetical accuracy of the bank reconciliation. (iii)Obtain a response from the bank to verify the cash at bank balance at year end. (iv)Verify that the bank reconciliation is properly prepared by the accountant and reviewed by the financial controller as evidenced by their respective signatures. (v) Watch the accountant prepare the bank reconciliation to ensure segregation of duties. Required: (c) Identify the audit procedure for each of the above action (i) to (v).