According to Matt Zwolinski in "The Ethics of Price Gouging," what claim can be characterized by the following statement: "In cases where A has a right not to transact with B, and where transacting with B is not worse for B than not transacting with B at all, then it cannot be seriously wrong for A to engage in this transaction, even if its terms are judged to be unfair by some external standard."

Momentum claim.

Nonworseness claim.

Inherent claim.

Objectified claim.