According to the 2010 census, those states with an above-average number of people who fail to complete high school (X) tend to have an above-average number of infant deaths (Y). In other words, there is a positive association between X and Y. The most plausible explanation for this association is that:

According to the 2010 census, those states with an above-average number of people who fall to complete high school (X) tend to have an above-average number of Infant deaths (Y). In other words, there is a positive association between X and Y. The most plausible explanation for this association is that: Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. X causes Y. Thus, programs to keep teens in school will help reduce the number of Infant deaths. b Y causes X. Thus, programs that reduce infant deaths will ultimately reduce the number of high school dropouts. C unobserved confounding variables are probably present. For example, states with large populations will have both a larger number of people who fail to complete high school and a larger number of Infant deaths. d the association between X and Y is purely coincidental. It is implausible to believe the observed association could be anything other than accidental