According to the Chapter $11$ PowerPoint lecture about collective representation at work, all are true, except$-$

Question $3$ options:

A$)$

When we compare cross$-$national similarities and differences in work councils $-$ specifically electoral arrangements $-$ we find that candidates in Germany and the Netherlands may be nominated by groups of employers, but in Belgium, nominations are restricted to union$-$sponsored lists.

B$)$

Regarding whether work councils are established by law or the outcome of collective bargaining arrangements, all work councils in Italy are legislatively based.

C$)$

Comparative employment relations research about various trade union models shows that historically, the quest to explore the frontier is one significant reason for limited collectivist ideals and political activism in the United States.

D$)$

Regarding cross$-$national differences in work councils a similarity across nations is that penalties for non$-$compliance are relative trivial in practise.