According to the Constitution, the federal courts can issue a decision only

in cases heard previously by a state court and appealed by the losing party.

None of these answers are correct.

in cases where the U$.$S$.$ government is one of the parties involved in the dispute.

in cases where the U$.$S$.$ government is one of the parties involved in the dispute, and where the cases were heard previously by a state court and appealed by the losing party.

in response to a case presented to it$.$