According to the reading, why did microfinance banks lead with loans instead of savings?

	a.	Regulatory restrictions on MFIs that did not allow them to collect savings deposits
	b.	Clients did not want to save money
	c.	All of the these are true
	d.	Clients already had savings accounts and did not need them

Which of the following are alternatives to formal savings accounts according the Handbook? Select all that apply.

	a.	ROSCAs
	b.	Livestock
	c.	Jewelry
	d.	Informal deposit collector

Consumption smoothing by saving in youth for future retirement is an example of:

	a.	High frequency savings model
	b.	Low frequency savings model
	c.	None of these
	d.	Transient income

A field research data shows the following marginal utility result: MUt = (1+r) / (1+) Et [MUt+1]+ t+1 What can explain the presence of t+1?

	a.	None of these
	b.	Multiple microloan providers in the region
	c.	Lack of savings products available to smooth income over time
	d.	Mandatory savings for clients at microfinance banks

Which of the following are included in a "minimalist approach" to microfinance services according to the Handbook?

	a.	Working capital loan
	b.	Education services
	c.	Provision of credit insurance
	d.	Basic business training (such as book keeping or marketing)