"Achievement test scores are declining all around us," brooded Professor Oddity. "Not in my class," vouchsafed Professor Even. "Here are my final-exam scores for last year and this year on the same exam. Run your own t test on them. " What did Professor O discover?

1. What is the independent variable and the dependent variable

2. What type of design is this? paired or independent; if paired, then you must specify.

3. What is the df and t critical value?

4. Calculate t

5. Calculate d

6. Results/conclusions.

Last Year 29 27 26 22 29 15 14 13 10 This Year 27 28 25 24 22 20 18 16 12

This year SumX = 192 SumX2= 4322

Last year SumX= 175 SumX2= 3781