Acme Manufacturing, Inc. was originally a family$-$owned operation that has been in business for several generations. It has grown steadily and is now listed on the stock exchange with family members still owning a substantial portion of the shares. Over the years, the company has acquired a reputation for exceptional quality and has won awards from major customers.

The firm is $35\%$ equity financed; shares currently trade at $$37\mathrm{.}00$ and do not pay a dividend. Debt capital is provided by a single issue of bonds $(20-$year, $$1,000$ par value, $$82\mathrm{.}50$ annual coupon$)$ currently trading at $$875.$ The firm's beta is $1\mathrm{.}25.$ Their traditional hurdle rate has been $12\%,$ though the rate has not been reviewed in many years. Over the years, shareholders have come to expect a $10\%$ return. Their corporate tax rate is $25\%.$ Treasury securities are yielding $9\mathrm{.}25\%.$ The market rate of return on equities is $12\mathrm{.}25\%.$

The Machine Tool Division is considering the purchase of a piece of highly automated, robotic production equipment. It would replace older machines and would offer improvements in quality, and some additional capacity for expansion. Because of the magnitude of the proposed expenditure, a careful estimate of the projects costs and benefits is needed.

They are currently using several old$-$style machines that together had cost $$700,000.$ Depreciation of $$220,000$ has already been charged against this total cost; depreciation charges are $$80,000$ annually. Management believes these machines will need to be replaced after six more years. They have a current market value of $$250,000.$

The old machines require $12$ workers per shift earning $$\frac{13\mathrm{.}50}{?}$ hr plus $3$ maintenance workers paid $$\frac{14\mathrm{.}50}{h}r.$ The plant operates eight$-$hour day and afternoon shifts five days each week; maintenance workers are assigned to the afternoon shift only. Maintenance expenses have been running at $$5,000$ annually; the cost of electricity has been $$26,600$ per year. The production process is not only labor intensive, but also physically demanding. Workplace injuries are not uncommon and lately medical claims have increased.

The new machine will have a total cost that includes shipping, installation and testing of $$1\mathrm{.}5$ million. The plant will also need $$350,000$ in modifications to accommodate the new machine. These costs will be capitalized and depreciated over the six$-$year estimated life of the machine. The new machine would require only two skilled operators $($one per shift$)$ who would earn $$\frac{20}{h}r.$ Maintenance will be outsourced and cost $$90,000$ per year. The annual cost of electricity is estimated to be $$50,000.$

Certain aspects of the decision are difficult to quantify. Management's relationship with the union hasn't always been a smooth one and union leadership may not agree to the layoff of the redundant workers. Reassigning them to positions in other divisions might be easier but there are currently only a handful of suitable openings, some of which are not in the collective bargaining unit.

The specs on the new machine indicate that even higher levels of product quality and lower scrap rates are possible. Considering ever$-$increasing competition, this might prove to be of enormous competitive advantage.

The new machine has a maximum capacity $27\%$ higher than the old semi$-$automated machines which are currently operating at $90\%$ capacity.

Assignment Parts $-$ Clearly Label Answers:

a$.$ Calculate the firm's Weighted Average Cost of Capital $($WACC$).$

b$.$ Identify and analyze the relevant cash flows for the two alternatives $-$ buying the new machine vs$.$ continuing to use the old ones. Cash flows for both alternatives occur for both machines over $6$ years $($beginning in year zero and ending in year $5).$ This requires students to show annual cash flows for each year similar to the Exam Prep $3$ problem shown in the Week $8$ Module. Capital analysis techniques should be done on the cash flows which should include $($but not limited to$)$ Net Present Value $($NPV$)$ analysis. Points will be deducted if this is not done.

c$.$ List and briefly describe any areas of uncertainty or concern for this project $-$ beyond the obvious ones described in the narrative. What effect might they have? Bullet points are just fine.

d$.$ Based on your results in pa