Actinobacillus succinogenes is used to convert glycerol to succinic acid in a batch reactor at 35C. Over a period of 30 hours, 810 kg of glycerol are consumed, and 530 kg of succinic acid are produced together with other byproducts. During the same period 90 kg of water is lost by vaporization. The power input to the system by mechanical agitation of the broth is about 10 kW.

1) Estimate the amount of energy required to maintain the temperature at 35C.

2) Does the fermenter need to be cooled or heated?

Additional data: heat of reaction at 30C = 460 kJ/mol glycerol consumed hv water at 30C = 2430.7 kJ/kg Molecular weight glycerol = 92 g/mol