Action research/participatory action research refers to types of inquiry that aim to use research not just to describe or understand an issue or problem but to also take action and make concrete changes and transformations in conditions, resources, practices, and/or policy. Rigorous action research, which many educators participate in, involves more than just gathering some test scores, taking notes, and organizing those notes. What connections do you see between community-based research models (pp. 287-290) and the process for conducting action research?