ADULT COMMUNITY SUPERVISION (probation & parole) - 4.35 million

Annually$ 38,690$ 49,770$39,197 $4,445$4,387

What is the PRIMARY GOAL OF COMMUNITY SUPERVISION OFFICER??

Reduce Recidivism

68% of prisoners released were arrested for a new crime within 3 years of release from prison, and 77% were arrested within 5 years.

What are the 4 levels of government in the U.S. government?

The general problem with this multi-tiered governmental system:Lackof joint planning and budgeting;Lack of proper communications between the different levels of Govt. as well as among agencies on the same level

What are the 8 INDEX CRIMES and who compiles this data? What is the biggest problem with these statistics?

The 3 Views of Criminal Behavior - CLASSICAL, NEOCLASSICAL & POSITIVIST

CLASSICAL: rejected spiritual and religious explanation for criminal behavior; justice based on equality (radical thinking for that time); Punishment was to be distributed equally (to be humane and proportionate; Punishment isjustified; violation of the 'Social Contract' of his ownfree will. all people have the ability to choose between right and wrong which is arational choice; human beings areinherently a "hedonist " (seeks pleasure, avoids pain) - he must be restrained from committing crime for the fear of punishment. Thus, the punishment is not just forretributionbut fordeterrence.

NEOCLASSICAL: builds off Classical model but adds aggravating and mitigating factors, What are the 3 specific Agg. And/or mitigating factors identified? Allows for "expert" witnesses or testimony.

POSITIVIST: examination and understanding social behavior. Based on efforts to determine thecauses of crime.Positivism approach to understanding criminal behavior became known asCriminology. This theory based onSocial Darwinism - certaincharacteristics andenvironmental factorshelp to cause crime. Place more emphasis on the criminal, not the crime. This theory states thatcriminals were unable to determine between right and wrong.

What is the Social Contract?

Steps in CJ system:

What is needed for a lawful arrest?

What is the primary purpose of bail?

What can the DA/Prosecutors Office do with charges?

Purpose of Grand Jury - they can come with 2 decisions?

What is plea bargaining?

Burden of proof at a criminal trial?

What are 4 goals of sentencing?

Purpose of Appellate Court?

What are SWIP's and PILE's?

Be able to defineDIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION, SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY.

What isVENUE?

Where do90% of take court proceedings take place?

What court can hear felony cases? How many federal district courts? Federal circuit courts?

Federal judges: lifetime, presidential appointees.

First Probation Officer? Where?

What is theTRINITY - 3 purposes of P/P?

ExplainPresumption of Incarceration versusPresumption against Incarceration? What is needed?

We spoke at length about rules and conditions of Probation - standard and special conditions? Know the difference.

The Court believing you are capable of living a useful and law-abiding life. What is "useful?"

What are the 3 categories Goldstein Identifies as the Nexus between drugs and violence?

What are 3 policy issues that need to be addressed with co-morbid inmates transitioning to reentry, probation, or parole?

With regard to probation and parole practitioners, what are two recommendations you can give to help them adjust and successfully monitor mentally ill persons and those with mental/character disorders?