Advantages to having a small number of pay grades within a pay structure include all of the following issues except

$q,$

$t$ allows for rates of pay to relate more closely to differences in job worth

$($a$)$ it normally results in less overlap between grades

$($b$)$ it requires assignment of more jobs to each pay grade

$($d$)$ it permits greater spread, allowing increased recognition of growth of job knowledge through seniority and merit in$-$grade pay increases